{"id":3272,"date":"2026-10-19T20:49:30","date_gmt":"2026-10-19T20:49:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yazilimperver.com\/?p=3272"},"modified":"2026-10-19T20:49:30","modified_gmt":"2026-10-19T20:49:30","slug":"sdl-painter-vulkan-backend-faz-5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yazilimperver.com\/index.php\/2026\/10\/19\/sdl-painter-vulkan-backend-faz-5\/","title":{"rendered":"sdl-painter \u2013 Vulkan Backend (faz-5)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tekrar merhaba sevgili yaz\u0131l\u0131mperver dostlar\u0131m. Bu yaz\u0131, temel kabiliyetler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan serimin son yaz\u0131s\u0131.<\/p>\n

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sdl-painter \u2013 Metin \u00c7izimi (faz-4)<\/strong><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
sdl-painter \u2013 Resim \u00c7izimi (faz-3)<\/a><\/strong><\/div>\n
sdl-painter \u2013 Transformasyonlar (faz-2)<\/a><\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
sdl-painter \u2013 Temel \u015eekiller ve Kabiliyetler (faz-1)<\/a><\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
sdl-painter \u2013 Proje Altyap\u0131s\u0131 (faz 0) \u2013 CI\/CD<\/a><\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
sdl-painter \u2013 Proje Altyap\u0131s\u0131 (faz-0)<\/a><\/strong><\/div>\n

\u0130lk yaz\u0131dan bu yana altyap\u0131y\u0131 kurduk, OpenGL backend’ini yazd\u0131k, transform stack ve tessellator’\u0131 oturttuk, g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc ve metin deste\u011fi ekledik. \u015eimdi s\u0131ra IRenderer<\/code>\u00a0aray\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn ikinci implementasyonunda: Vulkan.<\/p>\n

A\u00e7\u0131k konu\u015fmak gerekirse Vulkan ilk etapta akl\u0131mda pek yoktu; fakat bu vesileyle onu biraz daha yak\u0131ndan \u00f6\u011frenme f\u0131rsat\u0131 bulurum diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcm. Vulkan’\u0131n OpenGL’e k\u0131yasla \u00e7ok daha ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 (biraz da detayl\u0131) bir API’si var: swapchain, senkronizasyon nesneleri, descriptor set’ler, vb. Bir\u00e7ok \u015feyi sizin halletmeniz gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

Bunun yan\u0131nda IRenderer<\/code>\u00a0soyutlamas\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekten i\u015fe yaray\u0131p yaramad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da bu a\u015famada g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f olaca\u011f\u0131z: Vulkan eklenirken\u00a0Painter<\/code>\u00a0ve\u00a0Tessellator<\/code>\u00a0de\u011fi\u015fmemeli, yaln\u0131zca yeni bir\u00a0IRenderer<\/code>\u00a0implementasyonu ekleyerek i\u015fimiz hallolmal\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu yaz\u0131da, bunun ger\u00e7ekten b\u00f6yle oldu\u011funu nas\u0131l do\u011frulad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131 da anlataca\u011f\u0131m. K\u0131sacas\u0131 iki backend ayn\u0131 sonucu veriyor mu, birlikte g\u00f6rece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n

tl;dr: Elbette veriyor \ud83d\ude09<\/p>\n

OpenGL ve Vulkan Aras\u0131nda Nas\u0131l Bir \u0130li\u015fki Var?<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

OpenGL ve Vulkan, uygulaman\u0131n GPU’ya \u00e7izim i\u015fi yapt\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan iki grafik API’si. \u00dc\u00e7genler, vertex buffer’lar\u0131, dokular ve shader’lar gibi kavramlar her ikisinde de var. 2B bir aray\u00fcz\u00fc de 3B bir sahneyi de bu ara\u00e7larla \u00e7izebiliyoruz. As\u0131l fark, bu i\u015flerin ne kadar\u0131n\u0131 bizim, ne kadar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fcstlendi\u011finde. Bunun yan\u0131nda Vulkan, OpenGL’e g\u00f6re daha modern ve sonradan sunulan, daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck seviyeli bir API.<\/p>\n

OpenGL’de bir doku veya shader ba\u011fl\u0131yor, \u00e7izim ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftiriyor ve \u00e7izim \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yap\u0131yoruz. S\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc bu \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131 GPU’nun \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131raca\u011f\u0131 i\u015flere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Bellek yerle\u015fimini ve normal \u00e7izim s\u0131ras\u0131nda gerekli beklemelerin \u00e7o\u011funu da bizim i\u00e7in hallediyor. B\u00f6ylece daha az kodla ve efor haracayarak \u00e7izim yapmaya ba\u015flayabiliyoruz.<\/p>\n

Vulkan’da ise kararlarda daha fazla s\u00f6z sahibiyiz (y\u00fck\u00fcn \u00e7o\u011fu bizde demenin daha kibar hali \ud83d\ude42 ): kaynaklar i\u00e7in bellek ay\u0131r\u0131yoruz, \u00e7izim komutlar\u0131n\u0131 command buffer<\/em> denen komut listelerine kaydediyoruz ve bu listeleri GPU’ya g\u00f6nderiyoruz. Hangi i\u015fin hangi kayna\u011f\u0131 kullanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve ba\u015fka bir i\u015fi ne zaman beklemesi gerekti\u011fini de a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtiyoruz. Vulkan’\u0131n \u201cdaha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck seviyeli\u201d olmas\u0131yla kastedilen bu.<\/p>\n

Vulkan, OpenGL’in yeni bir s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc veya onun \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir katman de\u011fil; GPU \u00fczerinde daha do\u011frudan kontrol sunan ayr\u0131 bir API<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Kod taraf\u0131ndaki farklar\u0131 \u00f6zetleyecek olursak:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015f<\/th>\nOpenGL taraf\u0131nda<\/th>\nVulkan taraf\u0131nda<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u00c7izim komutlar\u0131n\u0131 vermek<\/td>\nGe\u00e7erli ba\u011flam\u0131n ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirip\u00a0glDrawArrays<\/code>\u00a0gibi \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar yap\u0131yoruz.<\/td>\nKomutlar\u0131 bir command buffer’a kaydedip kuyru\u011fa g\u00f6nderiyoruz.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Buffer belle\u011fi olu\u015fturmak<\/td>\nglBufferData<\/code>\u00a0ile boyutu ve veriyi bildiriyoruz; alttaki bellek ay\u0131rma i\u015fini s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc yap\u0131yor.<\/td>\nBuffer’\u0131 olu\u015fturuyor, uygun belle\u011fi ay\u0131r\u0131yor ve ikisini birbirine ba\u011fl\u0131yoruz.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kullan\u0131mdaki kaynaklar\u0131 yeniden kullanmak<\/td>\nNormal \u00e7izim s\u0131ras\u0131nda gerekli beklemelerin \u00e7o\u011funu s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc y\u00f6netiyor.<\/td>\nCPU ve GPU’nun ayn\u0131 kayna\u011fa \u00e7ak\u0131\u015farak eri\u015fmemesi i\u00e7in beklemeleri biz d\u00fczenliyoruz.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Frame’i pencerede g\u00f6stermek<\/td>\nSDL \u00fczerinden\u00a0SDL_GL_SwapWindow()<\/code>\u00a0\u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131yoruz.<\/td>\nSwapchain’den g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc al\u0131yor, ona \u00e7iziyor ve sunum iste\u011fi g\u00f6nderiyoruz.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Vulkan’\u0131n sundu\u011fu kontrol, \u00f6zellikle CPU’nun \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u00e7izim komutu haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015flerde bize fayda sa\u011flayabilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin komut listelerini birden fazla CPU threadinde haz\u0131rlamak<\/a> m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Bunun kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda daha fazla kurulum, kaynak y\u00f6netimi ve senkronizasyon kodu yaz\u0131yoruz. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Vulkan’a ge\u00e7mek tek ba\u015f\u0131na daha y\u00fcksek FPS garantisi de\u011fil; kazanc\u0131 g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in uygulaman\u0131n nerede zaman harcad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7mek gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

SDLPainter’da bu iki API, ayn\u0131 \u00e7izim aray\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn arkas\u0131ndaki iki se\u00e7enek olarak sunulmakta. VulkanRenderer<\/code>, OpenGL \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 Vulkan’a \u00e7evirmiyor;\u00a0Tessellator<\/code>\u00a0ve\u00a0RenderBatcher<\/code> taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan geometriyi do\u011frudan vulkan ile \u00e7iziyor. SDL3 ise her iki yolda da pencere ve platform ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yor. Benim buradaki hedefim, ayn\u0131\u00a0Painter<\/code> \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131yla hem vulkan hem de opengl kullanabilmek ve ayn\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcy\u00fc elde edebilmekti ki bunu sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Geometri ayn\u0131; bellek ve di\u011fer y\u00f6netme i\u015finin daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 vulkan taraf\u0131nda bize kal\u0131yor.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00c7izim Kodunu De\u011fi\u015ftirmeden Vulkan’a Ge\u00e7mek<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

Peki OpenGL yerine Vulkan kullanmak i\u00e7in \u00e7izim kodunda neyi de\u011fi\u015ftirmemiz gerekiyor? Sadece Painter<\/code> olu\u015ftururken se\u00e7ti\u011fimiz backend’i de\u011fi\u015ftirmemiz yeterli:<\/p>\n

\/\/ OpenGL:\r\nsdl_painter::Painter painter(window, sdl_painter::RendererBackend::kOpenGL);\r\n\/\/ Vulkan tek fark bu satir:\r\nsdl_painter::Painter painter(window, sdl_painter::RendererBackend::kVulkan);\r\n<\/pre>\n
D\u00f6ng\u00fc i\u00e7indeki\u00a0Begin()<\/code>,\u00a0Clear()<\/code>,\u00a0FillRect()<\/code>\u00a0ve\u00a0DrawCircle()<\/code>\u00a0\u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131 ayn\u0131 kal\u0131yor.\u00a0CreateRenderer<\/code> fabrika fonksiyonu, se\u00e7ime g\u00f6re OpenGLRenderer<\/code>\u00a0veya\u00a0VulkanRenderer<\/code>\u00a0olu\u015fturuyor.\u00a0Painter<\/code>\u00a0\u00e7izim i\u015fini bu nesnenin\u00a0IRenderer<\/code>\u00a0aray\u00fcz\u00fcne b\u0131rak\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Buradaki tek sat\u0131rl\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fiklik \u00e7izim API’si i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli. Vulkan backend’inin derlemede etkin olmas\u0131 ve SDL penceresinin de OpenGL i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan\u00a0SDL_WINDOW_OPENGL<\/code>\u00a0yerine\u00a0SDL_WINDOW_VULKAN<\/code>\u00a0bayra\u011f\u0131yla olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 gerekiyor.<\/p>\n
class VulkanRenderer final : public IRenderer {\r\n  \/\/ ...\r\n private:\r\n  std::unique_ptr<VkContext> mContext;\r\n  std::unique_ptr<VkSwapchain> mSwapchain;\r\n  std::unique_ptr<VkFrameSync> mFrameSync;\r\n  std::unique_ptr<VulkanPipeline> mPipeline;                  \/\/ duz renk icin pipeline\r\n  VertexChain mVertexChain;\r\n  std::unique_ptr<VulkanTexturedPipeline> mTexturedPipeline;  \/\/ dokulu gosterimler icin pipeline\r\n  VertexChain mTexturedChain;\r\n  \/\/ ...\r\n};\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu s\u0131n\u0131flar Vulkan taraf\u0131ndaki i\u015fleri b\u00f6l\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor:\u00a0VkContext<\/code>\u00a0kurulumu yap\u0131yor,\u00a0VkSwapchain<\/code>\u00a0ekrana sunulacak g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleri y\u00f6netiyor,\u00a0VkFrameSync<\/code>\u00a0ise frame’ler aras\u0131ndaki beklemeleri d\u00fczenliyor. Pipeline s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 \u00e7izimin GPU’da nas\u0131l yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, vertex zincirleri de \u00e7izilecek geometri verisinin nerede tutulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirliyor.\u00a0VulkanRenderer<\/code>\u00a0bu par\u00e7alar\u0131 bir araya getiriyor.<\/p>\n
VkContext<\/code>,\u00a0VkSwapchain<\/code>\u00a0ve\u00a0VkFrameSync<\/code>\u00a0isimleri SDLPainter’\u0131n kendi yard\u0131mc\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131na ait. \u00d6rne\u011fin Vulkan API’sindeki as\u0131l swapchain nesnesinin t\u00fcr\u00fc\u00a0VkSwapchainKHR<\/code>; bizim\u00a0VkSwapchain<\/code>\u00a0s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131m\u0131z bu nesneyi ve onunla ili\u015fkili kaynaklar\u0131 y\u00f6netiyor.<\/p>\n
VkContext: Vulkan’\u0131 Ba\u015flatmak ve GPU’yu Se\u00e7mek<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
OpenGL taraf\u0131nda SDL,\u00a0SDL_GL_CreateContext()<\/code>\u00a0ile ba\u011flam olu\u015fturma i\u015finin \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcstleniyor. Vulkan’da ise hangi cihaz\u0131 kullanaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 ve pencereye nas\u0131l g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc sunaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 daha a\u00e7\u0131k bi\u00e7imde tan\u0131ml\u0131yoruz.\u00a0VkContext::Initialize()<\/code>, bu kurulum s\u0131ras\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiriyor:<\/p>\n
bool VkContext::Initialize(SDL_Window* window) {\r\n  mValidationEnabled = kEnableValidationDefault && CheckValidationLayerSupport();\r\n\r\n  if (!CreateInstance()) return false;\r\n  if (mValidationEnabled && !CreateDebugMessenger()) return false;\r\n  if (!CreateSurface(window)) return false;\r\n  if (!PickPhysicalDevice()) return false;\r\n  if (!CreateLogicalDevice()) return false;\r\n  return true;\r\n}\r\n<\/pre>\n
Bu ad\u0131mlardaki kavramlar \u015f\u00f6yle:<\/p>\n